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HSK 2 · 再 · 又

再 and 又 — two kinds of again

又 looks back, 再 looks forward. That is the whole rule, and it is enough to get wrong for years.

The rule 又 = again, and it already happened: 他昨天又来了。 It usually closes with 了.
再 = again, and it has not happened yet: 明天再来吧。 请再说一遍。
The mnemonic: 又 looks over its shoulder, 再 looks ahead.
So 又 keeps company with 昨天/刚才, and 再 with 明天/以后 and with requests.
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